Pat Brownsey in 2019. Photo: Mike Dickinson, CC-BY-SA (Wikipedia).

World-renowned fern expert Pat Brownsey passed away earlier this month. He was well-known and -liked among his colleagues in New Zealand and Australia. In 2017 he received the Nancy Burbidge Medal, the highest award for botanists in Australasia (issued by the Australasian Systematic Botany Society).

Our colleagues from the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa posted this tribute to his work and his contributions to botany and to the Museum.

Undaria pinnatifida, fresh specimen before preservation. Photo: R.N. Baldock.

Several weeks ago, Fiona McQueen, one of our volunteers who works in the Phycology Unit of the State Herbarium of South Australia, discovered the invading brown algal species Undaria pinnatifida growing on the pontoon of the marina at Robe in the SE of South Australia.

The species is a declared noxious weed in South Australia and is listed on the national Australian Priority Marine Pest List. The species is one of the world’s 100 most invasive species.

Undaria pinnatifida, also known as Japanese kelp or wakame, is endemic to Japan, where is has been cultivated for centuries as an edible delicacy. It has established in temperate regions throughout the world, including North and South American coasts, and of several European countries. Japanese kelp has also spread across the Pacific, reaching New Zealand and southern Australia, where it has become an opportunistic pest, readily colonising disturbed areas.

For a while, South Australia appears to have avoided the invasion that occurred in Tasmanian and Victorian cold-water coasts; the closest record was from Portland, Vic. From its appearance on Robe’s harbour facility, it is likely that it was transported here on the hulls of boats. The species has a microscopic sexual phase that could easily have been transported that way.

Although Undaria pinnatifida resembles our common kelp, Ecklonia radiata, it can be readily identified when mature because of the spore-bearing frills (sporophylls) wrapped around the base of the stalk.

The species has now been added to the South Australian Census of Plants, Algae & Fungi. The Department of Primary Industries and Regions’ (PIRSA) Biosecurity Division is working on a response to this invasive species. Any detections of Undaria pinnatifida outside of the Robe Marina and Cape Jaffa Anchorage should be reported to FishWatch on 1800 065 522.

Undaria pinnatifida, root-like holdfast showing frilly sporophylls. Photo: R.N. Baldock.

Compiled by Hon. Associate Bob Baldock.

Hibbertia banksii. Watercolour by F.P. Nodder from sketches by Sydney Parkinson, the artist on Cook’s first voyage. Library & Archives, Natural History Museum, London (BM).

The State Herbarium of South Australia published three articles in Vol. 37 of the online version of its journal Swainsona today, 17 Aug. 2023.

(1) H.R. Toelken, Notes on Hibbertia (Dilleniaceae: subgen. Hemistemma) – 12. The northern Australian species of the H. banksii group (3.5mb PDF).

Hon. Research Associate Hellmut Toelken continues his revisions of the species of Hibbertia in Australia with this treatment of Hibbertia banksii and related taxa.

Twelve species and three subspecies are described in detail. Two species and three subspecies are described as new. All these plants occur in tropical Australia, i.e. the northern parts of Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland. Identification keys are provided, as well as a line drawing with all species.

Eucalyptus leucoxylon flower, dissected longitudinally. Scale bar = 5 mm. Photo: J. Salter.

(2) J. Salter, An unusual bud type in eucalypt flower morphology – another character to add to the Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) suite (11.2mb PDF).

New Zealand botanist Joshua Salter describes a new type of eucalypt bud, particular to Eucalyptus ser. Melliodorae, which includes for example E. leucoxylon (Yellow Gum) and E. melliodora (Yellow Box).

In this bud type, stamens arise from a ‘hinged’ staminophore, infolded on the inner face of the hypanthium, which lifts the stamens up and out at anthesis.

(3) T.A. Hammer, Hibbertia radians (Dilleniaceae), a new combination from South Australia (6.4mb PDF).

Tim Hammer (State Herbarium of South Australia and The University of Adelaide) discusses the subspecies of Hibbertia empetrifolia and describes the subspecies which occurs in South Australia, H. empetrifolia subsp. radians, as a separate taxon, H. radians. It occurs on Kangaroo Island and the Fleurieu Peninsula. Hibbertia empetrifolia is now restricted to southeastern Australia (NSW, Victoria and Tasmania).

Hibbertia radians, growing at Deep Creek National Park. Photo: T.A. Hammer.

To access content of all volumes of Swainsona and the Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens since Vol. 1 (1976), please visit the journal’s web-site at flora.sa.gov.au/swainsona.

A new family classification has recently been applied to vascular plants on the Census of South Australian Plants, Algae & Fungi. It is derived from an update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification (APG IV) for the orders and families of flowering plants, published in 2016. The new family numbers assigned in the Census are based on linear sort numbers presented in that paper. Detailed, technical information on plant families can be found on the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.

Lasiopetalum bauerii (Slender velvet-bush), now in Malvaceae (formerly in Sterculiaceae). Photo: D. Murfett.

Many families from the previous classification remained unchanged, but just occupy a new position in the sequence reflecting recent advances in understanding of their phylogenetic relationships. Some correspond to old familes, but have adopted new names, others are entirely new familes that have been split from existing ones. Several major families have been redefined, with their genera being variously assigned to other families.

The following table shows ‘old’ families that have effectively been ‘split’:

In addition to the above, the following 40 ‘old’ families have had a simple one-to-one change in the SA Census to a new family assignment and/or new name:

Eremophia duttonii (Harlequin Fuchsia-bush), now in the family Scrophulariaceae (formerly in Myoporaceae). Photo: SA Seed Conservation Centre.

Many of the changes have been applied on the Australian Plant Census (APC) for some time, and were also adopted for the 5th edition of the Flora of South Australia.

Notable changes include the genera within Scrophulariaceae being reassigned into five different families, and the Myoporaceae (comprising Eremophila and Myoporum, as well as the WA genus Diocirea) being subsumed within the now more narrowly circumscribed Scrophulariaceae.

In South Australia. the former Liliaceae  have become five separate families.

The milkweed family, Asclepiadaceae, is now incorporated within the Apocynaceae, the Centrolepidaceae within the Restionaceae, and the Sterculiaceae within the Malvaceae.

Significantly, Chenopodiaceae has been subsumed within Amaranthaceae, although this change is not currently applied to the APC.

Compiled by Herbarium botanist Peter Lang.